Overview of Data Mining Applications in Oil and Gas Exploration

Oil and gas supply chain consists of four main phases: 1) Extraction and Exploration, 2) Refining, 3) Transportation, and 4) Distribution and Marketing. In the context of cost reduction, exploration is the act of minimizing the expenses associated with finding commercial oil and gas deposits. These expenses increases from the mentioned main elementary activities satellite Infrared /Radar/Microwave Surveying, Aerial Imaging, Geo Botany prospecting and Geo chemical Exploration; Aerial magnetic, Electromagnetic & Gravity Surveying, Seismic Surveying and Exploratory wells.

The technology applied in oil and gas exploration is Data Mining that can create cost reductions and bring about considerable financial benefits. By applying the advanced techniques, such as pattern recognition, and particular identification to a more comprehensive set of data collected during seismic acquisition, Geologists may be able to identify potentially productive seismic trace signatures that have been overlooked in newly acquired or archived data. Application of data mining in oil and gas exploration is in the experimental stage with much of the efforts focused on data-intensive computing. Oil and Gas Companies, Business Analytics service providers and Academic institutions are working on various applications. The categories are: structural geology and reservoir property-issues.

In oil and gas exploration process, Structural Geology is accurately surveying the top, bottom and lateral extent of geological structures is important as these structures might produce hydrocarbons. This locating, in presence of oil and gas, assists in determining the thickness of the hydrocarbon bearing (rock) layers and consequentially in deciding the economic viability of the reserve. Furthermore, using accurate mapping, by the optimal placement of the wells, production in multi-layered reservoirs, where shale and sand layers are laminated, can be carried out from and combined into a single well, and, therefore, result in cost savings.

Reservoir Property-Issues The earliest discoveries of oil and gas deposits were based on determining the structural traps. But now a different type of trap became important, that is stratigraphic traps. Stratigraphic traps are one must go beyond the structure and deduce possible lithology (identifying rock layers in the subsurface) and probable presence of oil and gas. Horizontal lithological analysis is known as lithofacies analysis.

Polymer Science Applied to Petroleum Production:

The petroleum industry is composed of various upstream and downstream segments, from prospecting for oil to production of petrochemicals. The Petrochemical sector produces polymers and monomers, which are applied in a wide range of sectors, including the petroleum industry which uses a wide array of oligomer and polymer products.

The polymer materials used in the oil industry can be classified into two large categories: first one is solid-state polymers, such as engineering materials, and second one is polymers in solution, employed as components of fluids or additive formulations. Engineering materials include those classified as plastics, fibers, and elastomers in general, for use on offshore platforms, construction of pipelines and floating structures, among others. In solution, polymers are added to either fluids or formulations to increase their properties and are used in many oil production operations, such as drilling, cementing, completion, production itself, and treatment of oil and water. Generally various polymers, oligomers, and macromolecules have been evaluated for their efficiency in specific functions.

The development of a polymer additive with specific performance generally requires synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of its properties are physical, chemical, and/or physicochemical besides application tests. Based on the experience acquired in synthesis and characterization of copolymers, as well as in studying their physicochemical properties and behaviour of their interfaces, our research group is dedicated to the development of the new polymers for application in the solution in the petroleum industry.

The knowledge gained about oil operations, allied with the scientific and technological education offered by the Institute of Macromolecules, has permitted a focus on macromolecules applied to the oil and gas sector in the postgraduate courses in polymer science and technology. oil production operations are drilling, cementing, completion, production - divergence - well stimulation - control of deposits - control of hydrates - oil recovery,  treatment of oil , treatment of systems contaminated with oil, compatibility of polymer additives It is important to mention that, despite the production of the majority of polymers being a petrochemical process widely used all over the world.

Oil and Petroleum

Natural oil and gas are found beneath the Earth's surface and are exceedingly prized as wellsprings of both fuel and as beginning materials for some business items, including generally plastics. Oil designing is the utilization of science, material science, math, geography, and Engineering standards to find a financially savvy approach to distinguish promising zones for investigation, get to this normal asset, and refine it into attractive items. Scientists in the oil and oil industry work with unrefined petroleum and the products obtained from it.

The Industry is separated into both "upstream" and "downstream" parts, contingent upon how far from the well the work is. The upstream exercises incorporate investigation and creation and the downstream exercises incorporate refining and showcasing contains the oil Industry. This industry requires Geologists, synthetic architects, natural, logical, inorganic, physical scientists, organic chemists, and geochemists, and also specialized in tracer science, informatics, and is the limit from there. Natural chemistry is essential in the creation of oil since microscopic organisms change the nature of oil after some time, meddling with generation and causing downstream erosion issues and harmful risks, for instance. Inorganic scientific experts, natural physicists, investigative scientists, and concoction designs all assume a part in impetus science, innovation, and advancement, which is critical for the oil and petrochemical ventures.

There is a green side to oil science also. Consenting to ecological controls is basic to the Industry, and researchers should dependably know about how a procedure or product will influence nature, and how that effect can be limited. Physicists are continually searching for approaches to supplant existing refinery procedures and items with cleaner, more secure and more effective ones.

World Congress on Oil, Gas and Petroleum Refinery Sessions include: Oil and Gas Technology, Oil and Gas Exploration and Production, Petroleum Geology and Geoscience, Drilling and Mining Engineering, Enhanced Oil Recovery, Bio Fuels Refining, Catalytic Cracking, Petroleum Distillation and Refining, Energy Conversion and Storage, Petro chemistry and Polymer Science, Catalysts for Heavy Oil Extraction, Chemical Applications in Oil and Gas, Recent Development in Oil and Gas Industries, Environmental hazards in oil and gas Industry.

Petroleum refinery as a platform for renewable fuels production:

Petroleum refineries are regular areas for inexhaustible powers creation. They are, all things considered, worked for the generation of cutting edge powers by the most practical intends to convey suitable items for encompassing social orders. Refiners are exceptionally experienced with their crude materials and gear, which is principally because of the way, that they have been using them for a sufficiently long time to increase intensive learning on every single significant issue. Commonly, the refineries likewise have a broad learning of item and fuel markets, though for petroleum-based fills as it were. The handling of biofeedstocks implies entering an obscure region. One could state, from a conventional perspective, that anything "bio" implies extra issues by method for fouling, diminished efficiencies or an extra work trouble. Biomaterials are living creatures containing and delivering a huge number of mixes. In conventional applications, the littler scale polluting influences probably won't be pertinent or even perceived because of loose necessities, however they can be of central significance in oil refineries as to impetus action or while amassing inside hardware.

Another essential issue is that the least difficult and least expensive approach to process sustainable feeds in a current refinery, as co-nourishes, isn't really the most practical one. Additionally, the accessible exchanging determinations for inexhaustible feed materials take after just the key elements for show applications, while a total portrayal of biomaterial properties is inadequate. Just experience will uncover the huge factors and astonishments.

Be that as it may, in current conditions, "bio" additionally implies a premium in item esteem, which changes the photo, not slightest in the current financial atmosphere, where in refinery edges are low or non-existent. The building challenge is to do the coordination accurately, when bio items are fabricated in an oil refinery. In addition, the key is to make particles as comparable as conceivable to existing fuel atoms in their structures.

Customary oil refineries can be altered to process bio-base stocks into sustainable energizes.