Distillation process of Crude oil

Crude oil is the term for "unrefined" oil, it is also known as petroleum. Crude oil is a fossil fuel, it was made naturally from decaying plants and animals living in ancient seas millions of years ago - most places you can find crude oil were once sea beds. Crude oils vary in color, from clear to tar-black, and in viscosity, from water to almost solid. Hydrocarbons are molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon and come in various lengths and structures, from straight chains to branching chains to rings. Crude oil is refined to produce useable products such as gasoline. The process is very complex and involves both chemical reactions and physical separations. Crude oil is mixture of thousands of different molecules. It would be nearly impossible to isolate every molecule and make finished products from each molecule. Chemists and engineers deal with this problem by isolating mixtures of molecules according to the mixture's boiling point range. The problem with crude oil is that it contains hundreds of different types of hydrocarbons all mixed together. Crude Oil refinery process: The oil refining process starts with a fractional distillation column. The various components of crude oil have different sizes, weights and boiling temperatures; so, the first step is to separate these components. Because they have different boiling temperatures, they can be separated easily by a process called fractional distillation. After going through the fractional distillation, crude oil is chemically processed to change one fraction into another. Finally, Distillate and chemically processed fractions are treated to remove impurities. Fractional distillation: This process is based on the principle that different substances boil at different temperatures. For example, crude oil contains kerosene and naphtha, which are useful fractions .When you evaporate the mixture of kerosene and naphtha, and then cool it; the kerosene condenses at a higher temperature than the naphtha. As the mixture cools, the kerosene condenses first, and the naphtha condenses later.

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